Are military dogs traumatized

Canine PTSD: how the US military's use of dogs affects their mental wellbeing

From 2008 to 2009, Gina served a six-month tour of duty in Iraq. She was tasked with going door to door and flushing insurgents out after US marines threw flash-bang grenades in before her.

She became jittery and panicked, and was unable to perform her duties. So she was returned to the United States and a meeting was called to consult experts on the matter. While Ginas symptoms lined up with those of post-traumatic stress disorder, a mental health condition triggered by traumatic events, she was experiencing something the world wasnt as familiar with: canine PTSD.

Wednesday marks Veterans Day, a time to honor all those who have served the US including military dogs. The American Humane Association usually sponsors a float in New York Citys Veterans Day parade in honor of military working dogs, although this year it concentrated on its push for Congress to pass the National Defense Authorization Act, to ensure dogs are brought home after their service overseas.

Currently, there are approximately 1,700 military working dogs in service throughout the US Defense Department, according to a spokesman. They are used to sniff out mines, track enemy fighters and clear buildings. And their time in combat can lead to mental trauma, just as it can for their handlers and other soldiers.

In 2014, about 5-10% of US military working dogs who were deployed in combat settings were reported to have signs of canine PTSD approximately 50 dogs. Since then, the numbers seem to have been decreasing, probably because fewer dogs are currently deployed, according to Dr Walter F Burghardt, chief of behavioral medicine at the Daniel E Holland military working dog hospital in San Antonio, Texas.

The mental health condition first came to public attention five years ago, when the diagnosis was officially recognized by the military in January 2010, according to Burghardt. Some in the veterinary field dont fully recognize canine PTSD as a behavioral phenomenon. However, Burghardt said he had first seen anecdotal reports as early as 2007.

Dr Nicholas H Dodman, director of the animal behavior clinic at the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, said he saw his first canine PTSD case in the 1980s, when he treated a dog named Elsa. While Burghardt believes C-PTSD is diagnosed in [military working dogs] only when they have been exposed to a combat deployment, Dodman said he has seen many household dogs who he believes are affected by it.

Elsa had never seen combat, but she had been shot by a police officer who thought she was going to attack him, according to reports.Following her physical recovery, she continued to behave strangely. She was hypervigilant, very clingy, needy and unable to sleep at night. Elsa also avoided people and things that reminded her of the incident, including policemen, black people (the officer who shot her was African American) and flashing lights.

The symptoms surrounding canine PTSD differ from case to case. Some dogs are over-responsive; others undergo changes in temperament toward their handlers, becoming more aggressive, clingy or timid. Some attempt to escape or avoid some settings. And many fail to successfully complete the tasks they have been trained to perform.

But because dogs cannot talk, veterinarians can obviously never truly know what they are thinking or feeling.

Treatment for these cases also varies. Anti-anxiety medications can be used for short-term management, and for more difficult cases longer-term medications like antidepressants might be used. Generally, dogs are retrained to be desensitized to distressing events and situations. Veterinarians also employ counter-conditioning to reinforce successful task behaviors.

Canines are brought to the Holland military working dog hospital in rare cases but generally they are assessed and treated either in the field, at their home station or at field training sites. It is important for the MWD to work with their normal handler in problem-appropriate settings, Burghardt said.

The timeline of treatment is patient specific. Some cases that are caught early are resolved quickly, others take longer. While symptoms may decrease and behavior may normalize, Dodman does not believe canine PTSD can ever fully be cured as dogs are very precariously balanced and always have the possibility of going back into the full-blown syndrome.

The challenge that we run into, and this is true for PTSD as well as almost any other issue where theres been some sort of trauma, is that we can layer on new emotional responses and we can teach coping skills but what we cant do is erase the memory of whatever that trauma was, said Dr Christopher Pachel, a veterinarian with the Animal Behavior Clinic in Portland, Oregon.

We can teach coping skills but what we cant do is erase the memory of whatever that trauma was

For Burghardt, there is a practical limit of three months for treatment. If a military working dog does not show enough improvement to return to service, normally they are either transferred to non-combat employment or put up for adoption.

There are several organizations dedicated to the care of veteran dogs, as the recovery journey can be lengthy and costly for their owners. One of these groups, Combat Canines: The DDoc Foundation, a nonprofit that aims to help with the financial burden of adopting a veteran dog, has helped 28 dogs since May 2013, according to founder Chloe Wells.

Canine PTSD is still a relatively new diagnosis and there is much we do not, and may not ever, understand about it, Wells said.

After adopting former military dog, DDoc, who was suffering from canine PTSD and was in danger of being put down, Wells started the organization to help other retired military dogs.

They have selflessly risked their lives all for a toy [reward] and the loving touch of their handler, she said. Its the least we could do for them.

Military Dog Breeds: The Bravest and Most Loyal Service Canines

As a holistic veterinarian, Ive always had a special place in my heart for military dog breeds. These service canines are not only brave and robust, but they also encapsulate the essence of loyalty and dedication to their duties. Lets dive into the intriguing world of these extraordinary animals.

Service dogs have a rich and fascinating history that dates back to ancient times. Dogs have been used in warfare since they were first domesticated, with their roles evolving significantly over the years. From being messengers in Roman times to detection and surveillance experts in contemporary warfare, military dogs have continually proved their worth on the battlefield and beyond.

What sets military dog breeds apart are their unique physical and behavioral traits. These dogs are often large, agile, and incredibly resilient. Behaviorally, they are known for their intelligence, alertness, and unwavering loyalty. All these traits contribute to their effectiveness in military roles and make them stand out from other dog breeds.

So, if youve ever wondered about the brave canines serving alongside our troops, I invite you to explore this fascinating topic with me. Military dog breeds are a testament to the incredible bond between humans and dogs, and a shining example of the extraordinary things that dogs can achieve when given the opportunity.

History of Military Dogs

Prepare to be captivated as we take a journey back in time, tracing the paw prints of the brave and loyal military dogs who have served alongside human soldiers! From ancient warfare to modern-day conflicts, these incredible military dog breeds have evolved to become indispensable members of our armed forces.

Early Use of Dogs in Warfare

Can you imagine a time when the might of an army was measured not just by the strength and courage of its men, but also by the bravery and loyalty of its dogs? Dating as far back as 600 BC, dogs have been utilized in warfare. The ancient Egyptians, Romans, Greeks, and Persians all used dogs in their armies. War dogs were often strapped with armor or spikes and sent into battle to attack the enemy. They were also used for guard duty, to protect camps and deliver messages.

In the Middle Ages, large breeds like Mastiffs and Irish Wolfhounds were deployed in battle, known for their strength and ferocity. These war dogs were trained to attack horses, causing chaos and disruption among enemy cavalry.

Evolution of Military Dogs through the Years

Fast forward to the 20th century, the role of dogs in the military took a significant shift. During World War I and II, military dog breeds such as German Shepherds and Doberman Pinschers were primarily used as messengers, sentry dogs, and for search and rescue. Their keen senses, agility, and intelligence made them excellent in these roles.

The U.S. officially established their K-9 Corps during World War II, marking the beginning of organized training programs for military dogs. This period saw the rise of the German Shepherd as a prominent military dog breed due to its intelligence, trainability, and versatility.

In modern warfare, the role of military dogs has become even more specialized and essential. Breeds such as the Belgian Malinois have gained popularity for their exceptional abilities in detection and surveillance. Equipped with protective gear, these dogs are trained to detect explosives, narcotics, and even hidden enemies, helping save countless human lives on the battlefield and beyond.

In addition to their roles on the battlefield, military dogs have also shouldered the responsibility of providing emotional support to soldiers, helping alleviate stress and trauma. Breeds like Labrador Retrievers, known for their friendly nature and emotional intelligence, are often used as therapy dogs.

So, the next time you come across a Belgian Malinois, a German Shepherd, or any other military dog breed, remember their rich history and the noble service they provide. Not only are they mans best friend, but they are also our brave and loyal partners in protecting our freedom and security.

Physical Traits of Military Dogs

Military dog breeds come in various shapes and sizes, but they all share certain common physical traits that make them ideal for military service.

Size and Strength: Military dogs are generally medium to large-sized breeds. Their size and strength are crucial as it allows them to carry out physically demanding tasks, such as pulling injured soldiers to safety or carrying heavy equipment. Notable breeds with this trait include the German Shepherds and Belgian Malinois.

Endurance: These dogs are bred for stamina. They must be capable of working long hours under challenging conditions without showing signs of fatigue. Labrador Retrievers are a perfect example of this quality, with their limitless energy and enthusiasm for work.

Agility: Military dogs must be agile, capable of moving quickly and nimbly in various terrains. This trait is particularly evident in breeds such as the Dutch Shepherd and Belgian Malinois, known for their athleticism and agility.

Senses: A dogs sense of smell is significantly better than that of a human, and this is a trait that the military capitalizes on. Breeds such as the Labrador Retriever and German Shepherd have exceptional olfactory abilities, making them ideal for tasks like bomb or drug detection.

Behavioral Traits of Military Dogs

Behavioral traits are just as important as physical traits in military dog breeds. These dogs need a certain temperament and attitude to be successful in the field.

Intelligence: Military dogs are selected from breeds known for their intelligence. This trait allows them to understand and follow complex commands, learn new skills quickly, and adapt to constantly changing environments. Breeds such as the German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois, and Doberman Pinscher are known for their remarkable intelligence.

Loyalty: Loyalty and obedience are fundamental traits for any military dog. These dogs must be willing to follow their handlers commands without hesitation, even in dangerous situations. The Boxer and Staffordshire Bull Terrier are breeds that are particularly known for their loyalty.

Bravery: Military dogs often find themselves in situations that would scare most creatures, so they must be brave. Whether theyre facing gunfire or entering a potentially dangerous building first, these dogs need to be fearless. Breeds like the Rottweiler and German Shepherd are known for their bravery.

Trainability: Military dogs need to be easily trainable. They need to grasp new concepts quickly and remember them. This trait is particularly prominent in breeds such as the Belgian Malinois and Labrador Retriever.

In essence, the physical and behavioral traits of military dog breeds are tailored to meet the demanding and challenging nature of their jobs. Each breed brings its unique strengths to the table, making them indispensable assets in military operations.

Training and Skills of Military Dogs

Training a military dog is a meticulous and complex process that begins when the dog is just a puppy. Its not a typical dog training routine; its an extensive and rigorous regimen designed to prepare these brave canines for a lifetime of service.

Basic Training for Military Dogs

The fundamental training of a military dog emphasizes obedience and socialization. The pups are conditioned to respond instantly to basic commands like sit, stay, or heel, among others. Theyre also exposed to a variety of environments and situations to ensure adaptability and reduce fear or anxiety.

Throughout this phase, trainers monitor a dogs progress and evaluate their strength, intelligence, and responsiveness. Those that show exceptional aptitude advance to advanced training programs tailored to their distinct abilities and the specific needs of the service theyll provide.

Specialized Skills of Service Canines

Following basic training, these exceptional dogs undergo further, more specialized training based on their identified skills and intended role. The training can be broadly classified into the following categories:

• Detection Dogs: They are trained to detect substances like explosives or narcotics. The dogs are taught to recognize the specific scent and signal the handlers when they find it.
• Patrol Dogs: These dogs are trained in scouting, tracking, and apprehending suspects. They help in maintaining security in sensitive areas.
• Search and Rescue Dogs: These dogs have exceptional tracking abilities. They are trained to locate missing persons in various environments, including disaster-stricken areas.
• Therapy Dogs: They provide emotional support to soldiers dealing with stress or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). They are trained to provide comfort and unconditional love.

Regardless of their role, all military dogs are trained to work under extremely stressful conditions without losing focus. Theyre conditioned to ignore distractions, function in chaotic environments, and remain obedient under duress. The ultimate goal is to prepare these loyal canines to perform their duties efficiently while ensuring the safety of their handlers and units.

Its important to remember that while many breeds have the potential to become military dogs, their success largely depends on their training. Trainers play a crucial role in molding these dogs into dependable military personnel. Its a relationship of mutual respect and trust, with the handler often saying, Hes not just my dog, hes my partner.

The Role of Military Dogs in Modern Warfare

When we think of military service, we often picture soldiers, tanks, and aircraft. However, lets not forget the unsung heroes of warfare military dog breeds. These brave and loyal canines play a crucial role in modern warfare and their contribution is invaluable.

Detection and Surveillance Roles

Military dogs are often the first line of defense in detecting dangerous substances. Their keen sense of smell, which is far superior to ours, makes them perfect for sniffing out explosives, drugs, and even hidden enemies. A well-trained military dog can detect the faintest scent of explosives from a considerable distance, often saving countless lives in the process.

One of the most common military dog breeds used for detection is the Belgian Malinois. These dogs are known for their agility, intelligence, and incredibly sharp sense of smell. They are often used in airport security and border patrols, sniffing out illegal substances and contraband.

Surveillance is another critical role military dogs play. Their heightened senses, especially sight and hearing, make them excellent watchdogs. They can alert soldiers to the presence of enemies long before human senses can pick up anything. This early warning can often make the difference between life and death on the battlefield.

Search and Rescue Operations

When disaster strikes, every second counts in the search for survivors. Thats where military dogs come in. Trained to locate humans by scent, they can find survivors buried under rubble or lost in dense forests much faster than any human team could.

Labrador Retrievers are often used in search and rescue operations due to their excellent tracking abilities and their calm and friendly nature, which can be a source of comfort to traumatized victims.

But its not just about finding survivors. Military dogs also play a crucial role in recovery missions. Whether its retrieving fallen soldiers on the battlefield or locating the remains of victims in disaster zones, these dogs perform their duties with unwavering dedication and courage.

In conclusion, military dog breeds are indispensable in modern warfare. Their unique abilities in detection, surveillance, and search and rescue operations make them a vital part of the military. Their bravery, loyalty, and dedication to duty earn them the respect and admiration they truly deserve.

So, next time you see a military dog, take a moment to appreciate the incredible service they provide. These are not just dogs; they are heroes in their own right.

List Of Top Military Dog Breeds

When it comes to the front lines of defense, certain dog breeds truly stand out due to their physical strength, intelligence, and inherent bravery. Lets delve into some of the top military dog breeds that have served and continue to serve in various military operations worldwide.

Belgian Malinois

First on our list is the Belgian Malinois. This breeds reputation for being alert, hardworking, and intelligent makes them an invaluable asset to the military. Theyre often trained for patrol duties, bomb, and narcotic detection due to their keen sense of smell.

German Shepherds

Next up is the German Shepherd, a breed synonymous with both police and military work. Known for their versatility, these dogs excel in tasks such as tracking, patrolling, and search and rescue missions.

Labrador Retrievers

Labrador Retrievers are another highly preferred breed in the military. They are particularly known for their detection skills, which make them ideal for sniffing out explosives and narcotics. Their friendly nature also makes them excellent therapy dogs for veterans.

Boxers

Boxers are known for their strength, agility, and courage, making them suitable for military service. They were widely used during World War II as messenger dogs, and they have also served in bomb detection roles.

Doberman Pinschers

Doberman Pinschers are another breed that has a longstanding history with the military. They are known for their loyalty, intelligence, and strong protective instincts, which make them excellent guard dogs.

Rottweilers

Rottweilers are a powerful breed known for their fearlessness and confidence. In the military, theyve been used in various roles, including as patrol dogs and for search and rescue missions.

Giant Schnauzers

Giant Schnauzers, known for their strength and intelligence, have also contributed to military efforts. Their alertness and protective instincts make them particularly good for guarding duties.

Dutch Shepherds

Dutch Shepherds are similar in many ways to Belgian Malinois and German Shepherds, and they have also been utilized in the military. They are known for their trainability and adaptability.

Staffordshire Bull Terriers

Despite their smaller size compared to other military dog breeds, Staffordshire Bull Terriers are known for their courage and determination. During World War II, they were commonly used as messenger dogs due to their speed and reliability.

Airedale Terriers

Last but not least, Airedale Terriers, the largest of all terrier breeds, have also served in the military. Traditionally, they have been used for carrying messages and locating wounded soldiers on the battlefield.

Each of these military dog breeds brings unique strengths and abilities to their roles in service. Their bravery, loyalty, and dedication are truly remarkable and deserve immense respect and appreciation.

Common Health Issues in Military Dogs

Despite their strong and well-built nature, military dog breeds are not exempt from health issues. The strenuous tasks they carry out can make them susceptible to certain health problems.

The most common health issue suffered by military dogs is hip and elbow dysplasia, particularly in large breeds like the Belgian Malinois and German Shepherds. This condition is a result of abnormal growth and development, which leads to painful arthritis and mobility issues.

Military dogs are also prone to eye problems, such as progressive retinal atrophy (PRT), cataracts, and glaucoma. These can lead to impaired vision or even blindness if not treated promptly.

Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), more commonly known as bloating, is another common health concern. This potentially life-threatening condition can cause the stomach to twist, preventing blood from flowing to the heart. Large and deep-chested breeds are particularly susceptible.

Other health concerns include heart diseases, skin allergies, ear infections, and certain types of cancers.

Proper Care and Maintenance for Service Canines

Despite these potential health risks, with proper care and maintenance, military dogs can lead healthy and fulfilling lives.

Regular vet check-ups are crucial in early detection and treatment of any health issues. In addition to routine check-ups, its essential to keep up with their vaccinations and anti-parasite treatments.

When it comes to nutrition, service canines need a well-balanced diet that caters to their specific needs. These high-energy dogs require nutrient-dense food to sustain their active lifestyle. Consult with a vet or a canine nutritionist to establish the best diet plan.

Regular exercise is also a must for these breeds. However, its important to balance strenuous activities with periods of rest to avoid overexertion and potential injuries.

Mental stimulation is equally crucial. Military dog breeds are intelligent and require cognitive stimulation to prevent boredom and destructive behavior. Training exercises, puzzle toys, and interactive games can help keep their minds sharp.

Grooming cannot be overlooked either. Regular brushing keeps their coat healthy and reduces shedding. Dental hygiene is also essential to prevent dental diseases.

Lastly, lets not forget the importance of love and affection. Despite their tough exterior, these loyal service canines thrive on human companionship. They need plenty of love, positive reinforcement, and a safe and comfortable living environment.

Just like any dog breed, military dogs require our care, attention and commitment. By acknowledging their specific needs and potential health risks, we can ensure these brave and loyal canines enjoy the quality of life they truly deserve.

The Future of Military Dogs

The future looks bright and promising for military dog breeds, with remarkable strides being made on two fronts: technological advancements and the increasing demand for these service canines.

Technological Advancements and Military Dogs

We live in an era of unprecedented technological innovation, and this is shaping the future of military dogs as well. In recent years, theres been a surge in the design and development of tech gadgets aimed at enhancing the capabilities of these service dogs. These devices range from tactical gear for protection to sophisticated communication systems that allow handlers to issue commands remotely.

As an example, consider the high-tech vests that some military dogs now wear. These include cameras and microphones, enabling handlers to see what the dog sees and hear what it hears. Its like giving our military dogs their own set of spy gear! This kind of advancement means handlers can safely direct dogs from a distance, which can be life-saving in dangerous situations.

Emerging technologies such as drones and robotics also have potential applications in the military dog realm. Some organizations are exploring how drones can work in tandem with dogs for search and rescue missions. The drone provides an aerial view while the dog uses its keen sense of smell on the ground. Its a perfect example of how technology can amplify the natural skills of military dog breeds.

The Increasing Demand for Military Dogs

On the other hand, the demand for military dogs is continuously growing. Today, military dogs are recognized for their valuable contributions, not just in combat and security roles but also in non-traditional military roles like therapy and emotional support.

In combat and security roles, military dogs are invaluable because of their unique abilities that technology cannot replicate. Their heightened senses, agility, and unwavering loyalty make them perfect for detection, surveillance, and search and rescue operations. No wonder theres an increasing demand for military dog breeds such as the Belgian Malinois, German Shepherds, and Labrador Retrievers in the armed forces and police units worldwide.

Meanwhile, the use of military dogs in therapy and emotional support roles has proven to be influential in helping soldiers cope with PTSD and other stress-related conditions. These dogs provide companionship, unconditional love, and a sense of comfort that can make a significant difference in a soldiers life.

These trends indicate that the role of military dog breeds will only continue to evolve and expand. Whether paired with cutting-edge technology or providing much-needed emotional support, these brave and loyal service canines will continue to serve alongside humans, protecting and comforting us in ways only they can.

So heres to our military dog breeds the bravest and most loyal service canines. As we look to the future, one thing is certain: the bond between humans and these exceptional dogs will continue to grow, driven by love, respect, and mutual trust. And in the face of challenges and advancements, they remain steadfast, always ready to serve and protect.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: What are some common military dog breeds?

Some common military dog breeds include the German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois, Labrador Retriever, and the Dutch Shepherd.

Q2: What roles do these military dogs usually perform?

Military dogs are typically used for a variety of tasks such as detection of explosives or narcotics, search and rescue operations, and patrol duties. They are also used for protection and combat roles.

Q3: How are military dogs trained?

Military dogs undergo rigorous training programs that include obedience training, agility training, tracking, and specialized training based on their intended role. This can include detection work or protection work.

Q4: How long does a military dog serve?

The length of service for a military dog can vary, but on average, they serve for about 7-9 years. After retirement, they are often adopted by their handlers or other suitable families.

Q5: Can military dogs be adopted after their service?

Yes, many military dogs are adopted after their service. They often go to live with their former handlers, but can also be adopted by other families who are capable of providing them with a good home.

Dr. Candy, a holistic veterinarian and certified raw dog food nutrition specialist, graduated from Oklahoma State University in 2009 with a DVM and has since specialized in companion animal nutrition, advocating for species-specific diets. With a background in wildlife rehabilitation and oil spill response, she combines holistic health and conventional medicine in her unique approach to treating chronic diseases, allergies, and autoimmune conditions in pets. As the owner of a veterinary practice in Colorado and an author, Dr. Candy is dedicated to educating pet parents and improving the health and happiness of animals.