What is dog acne caused by

Dog Acne: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Similar to humans, dogs skin can experience breakouts from clogged hair follicles, dead skin cells, or an undue amount of sebum in the skin.

Dogs can also have acne. This condition can range from lenient to severe cases and may even be just a symptom of other health conditions.

In this blog, we'll discuss everything about acne in dogsfrom its causes to its proper treatment.

If you're a dog owner, it's great of you to research these kinds of medical problems. It shows that you love and care about your pup.

But before we tackle all of those things, let's first tackle what is dog acne.

Dog Acne: What Is It?

Dog acne is the inflammation of the skin, usually in the areas on the lips and around the muzzle, which creates pinkish-to-red bumps or pustules in these regions.

It can also be an indication of other underlying skin conditions or diseases.

Folliculitis is one of the known acne in dogs. Folliculitis is the inflammation of the hair follicles.

The hair follicle is damaged by the accumulation of bacteria, leading to inflammation and breakouts.

Folliculitis can be caused by numerous cases. Commonly, it can be from skin trauma, bacteria, infections, and parasites.

In more atypical cases would be underlying conditions such as endocrine diseases (Cushings Disease, Pododermatitis, etc.), immune system diseases (Hypothyroidism), and others.

Furunculosis then is the ruptured hair follicle due to its congested pore with pus or infected follicles.

Both conditions can be acne. Acne can be painful and mostly itchy.

Dogs with acne should seek out their veterinarian for further analysis and treatment.

Undergoing proper treatment can help rehabilitate the skin to avoid acne or other skin conditions in the future.

Unfortunately, dog acne can occur in every dog breed, but some breeds have it worse.

Dog breeds with short hair and folded skins: Boxers, Doberman Pinschers, English Bulldogs, German Shorthaired Pointers, Great Danes, Mastiffs, Rottweilers, and Weimaraners.

Symptoms

On the other hand, let's discuss the symptoms of acne in dogs.

As dog owners, we must monitor our pets and be aware of these symptoms to know if it is dog acne or another medical problem.

• Red bumps
• Pustules
• Inflamed skin around the area
• Hairless Papules
• Swelling
• Itching

Progressive Symptoms

• Large Papules
• Ulcerated Acne without pus
• Discharge in Acne
• Extreme discomfort
• Excessive itching
• Pain

Dog acne can accumulate in different sites in a dogs body.

The most common places it may accumulate would be its chin, muzzle, nape, stomach, and skin folds.

Causes of Acne in Dogs

The cause of dog acne is still undisclosed in research. However, they are common.

Allergies

Allergies can be one of the causes of acne.

When a dog repeatedly rubs their skin surface in an area, it may cause it to be damaged along with the hair follicles and pores.

This may lead to irritation and may compromise the pores to exposure in bacteria.

Autoimmune Disease

Some diseases may deteriorate the normal function of organs and glands.

Thus, it can create chemical imbalances in the body. Acne can become a result of some.

Demodicosis

Demodicosis is the infestation of face mites in the skin. For dogs, the areas on the face are mostly affected.

Demodex can lead to different damage skin conditions, from scaling of the skin to papules, pustules, and hair loss.

Dermatophytosis

Dermatophytosis is a fungus that affects a dog's skin and can spread throughout the body.

This condition is contagious to both dogs and humans. Dermatophytosis has a symptom of acne-like bumps on the skin.

Genetics

Sadly, some dogs are prone to acne due to their genetics. Especially for dogs with skin fold characteristics, their skin is more accessible for acne.

It's the same with dogs with short-haired coats. Some short-haired breed dogs have a genetic disposition in affirming excessive follicular keratinization.

Secondary Bacterial Infection

When a disease is contagious, similar to ringworm or staphylococcus pseudintermedius, it can create the same symptoms in the skin.

After exposure to the bacteria, the skin gets infected, and symptoms arise. This can happen, especially when the skin has lesions.

Due to lesions, the area may accumulate bacteria and may take longer to recover.

Skin Trauma

The most common cause of dog acne is skin trauma. Skin trauma may often leave the affected area open for quite some time.

When the area is open, it may lead to inflammation in the skin. Inflammation in the region may result in the area's decline in recovery and regress to skin infections or diseases.

Diagnoses for Acne in Dogs

Acne can be diagnosed using different methods depending on the veterinarian's observation.

The veterinarian may try a method that is according to what they have observed.

Here are some methods the dog may undergo for diagnosing acne:

Physical Examination

Veterinarians may diagnose the condition by doing a physical examination.

Observing closer to the dogs skin in the affected area, veterinarians may diagnose it from its physical characteristics.

If the veterinarian suspects any other condition, they may suggest and perform another method to inspect the condition further.

Bacterial-Fungal Culture

Veterinarians may perform bacterial-fungal culturing to identify what kind of bacteria or fungi is inhabiting the said pore.

Veterinarians will perform this method to further take note of what proper medication or treatment would best fit to eliminate the bacteria or fungi.

Biopsy

Veterinarians may perform a biopsy to inspect if there are any other possible skin conditions present aside from acne since it can be a symptom of other diseases.

The veterinarian may inquire with the owner about any other symptoms alongside the acne to rule out possible diseases.

Skin Scrapping

If owners observe acne symptoms in their dogs, its best to seek professional help rather than have them recover at home. Acne causes vary along with their form of treatment.

If medication or treatment is misused, it can either help reduce the symptoms or worsen the condition.

Treatment for Acne in Dogs

Acne treatment may vary depending on the prescription of a veterinarian. Acne may be treated according to its cause.

Here are some common medications used by veterinarians in treating acne:

Aloe Vera

Aloe vera has a natural healing and anti-inflammatory function. This can help reduce the redness and irritation of the acne.

Shampoos or creams with aloe veras can be used.

Antibiotic/ Antifungal

If the acne is due to bacterial infection, the veterinarian will administer oral antibiotics to reduce bacterial infection and spread.

Antibiotics like Mucirin can be used, while antifungals like Canison can be used.

Benzoyl Peroxide

Benzoyl Peroxide is a constituent that is used to remove acne. It helps unclog pores, remove dead skin cells, and eliminate bacteria.

Topical Benzoyl Peroxide can be given to dogs to remove milder cases of acne.

Steroids

Steroids, also known as corticosteroids, are inflammatory agents that help reduce swelling and redness in conditions.

Oral steroids can help reduce inflammation in acne.

Dog acne reoccurrence may happen, depending on the origin and severity.

Owners may continue consulting the condition with the veterinarian to inquire about the proper treatment and prevention.

Prevention for Acne in Dogs

Preventing dog acne may be difficult if the cause is not ruled out. A simple way to prevent this is to keep your dogs hygiene at its best.

Groom the dog as needed and after outdoor activities.

Remember to pat dry the dog after a bath. One of the leading causes of dog acne is bacteria accumulating in skin folds.

This can help avoid any heat and moisture getting stuck in the suppressed regions of the skin.

Wipe away any grime from the dogs muzzle after a meal or if there is dirt present.

Owners can also check out the food their dogs are consuming. Allergies can cause acne.

Owners can check with their veterinarians regarding whether their dog is safe or not safe to eat.

Prevention can also be done by addressing the condition immediately.

If acne seems like it will spread or suppurate, its best to have it checked and treated immediately before it worsens or before it spreads.

Keeping the surroundings and means of the dog clean can also prevent the accumulation of dirt and bacteria from your dog.

Some dogs may brush their muzzle or skin against the surface of a wall or maybe their bowl.

If the item or surface is not clean, bacteria or fungi may reside in the item and on the dogs skin.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is dog acne contagious?

Dog acne is not contagious to humans, but you may get secondary bacteria infections from prolonged exposure.

Canine acne is not contagious to other dogs, but they may also get secondary infections like ringworm and sarcoptic mange.

Will dog acne go away on its own?

Depending on the cause of the acne, acne from puberty may go away. Acne from puberty is said to subside on its own.

Some acne can subside on its own, but medication can help decrease their symptoms faster.

Should I pop my dogs acne?

Its best to leave the dogs acne with the prescribed medicine and treatment procedures.

Plucking or popping the acne may risk the pore being exposed to other bacterial or fungal infections.

Dog Acne: Symptoms, Causes, and TreatmentSummary

Dog acne may be a skin condition your dog is currently experiencing, but no worries; treatment and maintenance are available.

Acne should be addressed immediately by a professional. Home remedies may produce temporary results and may worsen the condition.

Owners should get a proper diagnosis and prescription to address the condition.

Dog Acne Information and Treatment

These usually contain Aloe Vera which is good for treating skin problems and is often found in acne skin creams for humans. Its important that you only use treatments specifically for dogs as human shampoo or creams can cause their sensitive skin to dry out and in some cases adverse reactions may occur.

If your dogs acne looks like it may be getting worse or if youre concerned that an infection may be developing, you should take your dog to a vet as soon as possible. Your vet may prescribe topical treatments such as ointments, oral medications or medicated soaps to help to clear the acne up.

Always resist the urge to pick at your dogs spots as this may lead to an infection and can make the problem worse. The best way to deal with mild cases of the condition (if its not causing your dog discomfort or pain) is to just use a warm cloth to reduce any visible swelling and keep the area clean.

Dog acne prevention

Dog acne is usually just a normal symptom of puberty in dogs, but there are still certain preventative measures you can take to keep it at bay. The best way to prevent it occurring is by keeping your dogs muzzle clean and dry and by giving it a quick wipe after meal times. If you have a dog with deep facial skin folds such as a Bulldog or a Boxer, ensure that you clean deep into their folds to clean out any trapped dirt that could result in acne.

Usually, dog acne will resolve itself as your dog ages (much like it does in human teenagers), so theres usually no reason to worry. Be sure to keep an eye on it and if youre concerned always seek the advice of a vet.

For more dog health and nutrition advice take a look at our content hub, full of useful information for keeping your dog happy and healthy.

Dog Acne

What is Canine Acne?

Like humans, acne in dogs tends to appear during puberty, that is, between 5-8 months of age. Most cases will likely disappear on their own by the time dogs turn one year old.

There are two forms of acne-- mild and generalized. Dogs with cases of mild acne have pimples on their skin. Generalized acne is the more severe form. Affected dogs experience swelling of the lips and muzzle, scabs on the face, and oozing wounds. Without proper veterinary intervention, the dog could end up with permanent scars.

Symptoms Of Acne In Dogs

• Red bumps on the skin, face, and/or muzzle
• Swelling
• Blackheads or whiteheads
• The dog may rub his face against surfaces such as carpets or furniture to ease the itching
• Infection may be present
• Skin lesions may contain pus
• The dog may experience pain when you touch the skin lesions
• Scars from acne that have healed

Why Dogs Develop Acne

Its not clear why dogs suffer from acne. The underlying cause(s) cannot be fully explained by experts. At first, it was believed that dog acne was similar to cases of acne in humans which is primarily associated with hormones. Recent studies, however, suggest that its not.

Several factors, however, have been identified that increase a dogs risk of developing acne. The common denominator to these factors is the irritation of the hair follicles.

Genetics

An important factor that veterinarians consider to play an important role in the occurrence of canine acne is genetic predisposition. Short-haired dog breeds like Doberman Pinschers, German Shepherds, Great Danes, Boxers, Rottweilers, and Mastiffs are more prone to acne. However, other breeds of dogs can also be affected, but the incidence is quite lower compared to their short-haired counterparts.

Age

Acne in dogs starts to become a problem upon reaching puberty but most cases resolve on their own by the time the dog is 1 year old.

Trauma

Skin trauma on the dogs chin or muzzle is also thought to be an important predisposing factor of many dog acne cases. Inflammation develops within the hair follicles. When the hair follicles rupture, the release of their contents into the surrounding skin can eventually pave the way for more areas of skin inflammation. The contents of the ruptured hair follicles are recognized by the body as foreign and this can cause further inflammation in the skin.

In the early stages of dog acne, infection is not usually present. However, the conditions created are favorable for bacterial invasion which can lead to infection and further damage to the skin.

Underlying Skin Condition

If your vet suspects that your dogs acne is associated with an underlying skin problem, your dog may be assessed for possible allergies. Hypersensitivity reactions to certain food ingredients or environmental allergens are also thought to be important predisposing factors to dog acne.

Your vet may also check your dog for parasites, such as fleas and mites, that may contribute to acne.

How Dog Acne Is Diagnosed

The diagnosis of dog acne is based primarily on the characteristic appearance of the skin lesions and their location, that is, around the dogs lips and muzzle.

Some cases of dog acne, however, require specific diagnostic tests and procedures to confirm your vets initial diagnosis. Tests may also be necessary so your vet can rule out diseases that look like acne, such as demodicosis (mange) or ringworm. These tests and procedures may include:

• Biopsy - Helps to rule out other types of skin disorders.
• Bacterial culture and sensitivity testing - To identify the type of bacteria that is present in the skin lesions and the best antibiotic for treatment.

Treatment Options for Dog Acne

The treatment regimen for dog acne is composed of several types of medications that can help ease the inflammation and prevent secondary bacterial infection. These include:

Benzoyl Peroxide

The product is applied topically to help flush out the hair follicles and minimize bacterial contamination. Most mild cases of dog acne can be resolved with benzoyl peroxide application. Your vet may prescribe long-term use of benzoyl peroxide to decrease the possibility of recurrence. Benzoyl peroxide may be applied topically on affected areas. There are also specially formulated shampoos that contain benzoyl peroxide which can be used at least twice a week.

A word of caution when using benzoyl peroxide on dogs: the skin on the dogs chin and lips is significantly thinner and more sensitive compared to humans, thus a much weaker concentration of benzoyl peroxide is needed. Dont use benzoyl peroxide that is prescribed for humans because it has a stronger concentration.

Steroids

Steroids can decrease the swelling and inflammation within the skin. Your vet will decide whether your dog will need only topical or oral steroids or both. Prednisone or prednisolone are just two of the most common oral steroids that are used for dog acne treatment. Topical steroids usually contain betamethasone or fluocinolone.

Antibiotics

An antibiotic may be necessary to decrease the bacterial population on the dogs skin surface and treat infected lesions. The severity of the infection will be assessed to determine whether there is a need for oral antibiotics that are usually given for 4-8 weeks.

Other Medications

Isotretinoin - Some dogs respond with favorable changes within their hair follicles.

Home Care For Dogs With Acne

If your dogs acne is caused by trauma or allergy, take steps to decrease or avoid the problem. Possible causes of trauma to your dogs face include eating from a bowl with rough edges, rubbing the face on surfaces, or persistent scratching at the face.

Avoid popping your dogs pimples. Squeezing them can cause the hair follicle lesions to rupture and spread their contents which are filled with bacteria. Squeezing can also cause further skin injury and worsen inflammation.

Keep your pets muzzle and facial folds (if your pet has them) clean and dry using a clean towel or hypoallergenic wipes. Any moisture and/or dirt in the facial folds can create a favorable environment for bacterial colonization and infection.

Dog acne usually resolves on its own as your pet ages. While theres no need to worry about this skin condition, it is highly recommended that you keep an eye on your dogs acne for any signs of inflammation and infection.

Read more:

Hot Spots (Moist Dermatitis) in Dogs

Pet First Aid: How to Treat Minor Wounds

Grooming Tips and Coat Care for Your Dog

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