What meat is good for dogs with allergies

Types of Dog Allergies and How to Treat Them

Have you heard someone tell you that their dog has allergies? Has your veterinarian suggested that allergies could be a problem for your dog? Do you suspect that your dog has allergies? If so, then youve probably realized that allergies in dogs are not quite as simple as we might wish. For starters, there are several different types of allergies that could be causing your dogs symptoms.

Allergies are a misguided reaction to foreign substances by the bodys immune system, which, of course, people and pets can suffer from. There are quite a few different types of allergies in dogs. Skin allergies, food allergies, and environmental allergens all pose challenges for dogs and their owners, and to make things more complicated, the symptoms of all these different types of allergies can overlap.

Symptoms of Allergies in Dogs

The symptoms of allergies in dogs may vary depending on the cause. A dog that goes into anaphylactic shock, for instance, will have a drop in blood pressure followed by shock, which is very different from a skin condition.

In general, however, the following symptoms could be a sign of an allergic reaction.

• Itchiness
• Hives
• Swelling of the face, ears, lips, eyelids, or earflaps
• Red, inflamed skin
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Sneezing
• Itchy ears
• Chronic ear infections
• Itchy, runny eyes
• Constant licking

Some of these symptoms could also be a sign of another condition. Make an appointment with your veterinarian if you notice changes in their behavior to get an accurate diagnosis.

Types of Allergic Reactions in Dogs

Allergic Dermatitis in Dogs

Skin allergies in dogs, known as allergic dermatitis, is the most common type of allergic reaction in dogs. Skin allergies in dogs are mainly caused by one of three things: fleas, food allergies, and atopicor environmentalallergies.Flea allergy dermatitis is an allergic reaction to fleabites, and some dogs are allergic to flea saliva, which can cause their skin to become red, inflamed, or scabbed because their skin will feel extremely itchy. Its the easiest type of allergic dermatitis to treat, since you can apply flea medication for dogs to help heal their skin.

Another cause of skin allergy in dogs is from food allergies and sensitivities. Just like humans can be allergic to certain foods or ingredients, dogs can be allergic, which can cause itchy skin. Dogs with food allergies usually have itchy ears or paws, sometimes along with gastrointestinal symptoms. Dr. Klein, Chief Veterinary Officer for the AKC, says that food allergies are not as common as you might think. True food allergies result in an immune response, which can range in symptoms from hives, facial swelling, and itchiness to gastrointestinal signs like vomiting and diarrhea or a combination of both.

Environmental allergens can also affect the skin and be the cause of allergic dermatitis. Things like dust, pollen, fungus, and mold can cause these reactions, but in most cases, these allergies are seasonal. As with food allergies that affect the skin, the most commonly affected areas are the paws and ears (but also include the wrists, ankles, muzzle, underarms, groin, around the eyes, and in between the toes).

All skin allergies pose the risk of secondary infection. As your dog scratches, bites, and licks at his skin, he risks opening up his skin to yeast and bacterial infections that may require treatment.

Urticaria, or Hives, in Dogs

Also known as urticaria, hives on dogs are very itchy but are not life-threatening. Hives appear as a reaction anywhere from 6 to 24 hours after exposure to allergens. This consists of itchy, swelled skin, that usually looks like a red rash. Its easiest to spot hives on dogs that are hairless or have short coats. Dogs with longer hair can get them too, but its more likely that youd be able to fee the hives rather than see them. Your vet will prescribe an antihistamine in order to treat urticaria in dogs.

Edema of Face or Throat

Swelling of the throat or face looks severe, but its actually almost never fatal. This area of swelling, which can also include swelling of the eyelids or ear flaps, is known as angioneurotic edema. Its actually pretty easily treated, and despite how it looks, its a good sign in terms of allergic reactions.

If your dog has edema of any of these areas, the time for a fatal allergic reaction has most likely passed, and they arent in as much danger. Angioneurotic edema occurs anywhere from 30 minutes to a few hours after exposure to an allergen, and can also come with hives.A veterinarian will often give dogs with this reaction an antihistamine injection. Untreated, it may take a day or two for the swelling to subside.

Anaphylactic Shock

Perhaps the most alarming of all the types of allergic reactions in dogs is anaphylactic shock. Like people, dogs can go into anaphylactic shock if they have a severe reaction to an allergen. This happens when antibodies produced by the host react negatively to the allergen, dropping your dogs blood pressure rapidly and sending them into shock. This can be fatal if not treated, but luckily, anaphylactic reactions are rare in dogs.

This can be a response to any allergen, most commonly bee or wasp stings, or vaccine reactions. Because of this, your vet will always recommend keeping a close eye on your dog after theyve been given any new vaccine, drug, or food item, as they might be allergic.

If a dog has had a past incident and survived, the owner may carry an epipen, but sometimes the first occurrence can lead to death. Fortunately these reactions are very rare in dogs.

In some rare cases, a severe food allergy reaction resulting in anaphylaxis can occur, similar to severe peanut allergies in humans. The best way to diagnose and treat a food allergy is to work with your veterinarian to manage your dogs symptoms and discover the ingredient causing the reaction.

Diagnosing Allergies in Dogs

Flea allergy dermatitis is typically the easiest allergy to diagnose. It is usually diagnosed by identifying fleas on your dogs body and applying a product that kills fleas before they can bite to see if that solves the issues.

The first thing your veterinarian will do in allergy testing is rule out any other condition that could be causing your dogs symptoms. If your veterinarian feels that an allergy is a likely cause, they may propose allergy testing to try and determine the cause of the allergen that is causing the reaction. However, keep in mind it may not always be possible to determine the cause of an allergy with testing.

If you have ever undergone allergy testing, then you know that diagnosing allergies is often complicated. Its the same for dogs, but its worth it to understand what to stay away from when it comes to your dog.Food allergies are often diagnosed using an elimination diet. A food trial consists of feeding a dog one source of protein and carbohydrate for 12 weeks.

Treating Allergies in Dogs

The best way to treat an allergy is avoidance of the cause and allergen, which may not always be possible. They type of treatment depends on the type of allergy your dog has. For example, the best way to treat flea allergy dermatitis is to kill the fleas, whereas the best way to treat a food allergy or food intolerance is a change in diet.

Depending on the cause and severity of your dogs allergic reaction, your veterinarian will prescribe different things. For hives, they might suggest antihistamines, cortisones, medicated shampoos, whereas with food allergies they might suggest fish oil or other Omega-3 fatty acid supplements. For skin allergies, they might prescribe dog-safe anti-inflammatory wipes or shampoo on skin to provide irritation relief.

In addition to any lifestyle changes that might be necessary, your veterinarian may also prescribe an allergy relief medication for your dog that will help control the signs associated with the allergic reaction, such as itching and any secondary skin infections that might have developed as a result of the irritant.

If your dog has a severe allergic reaction, your best course of action is to get them to an emergency veterinary hospital as quickly as possible.

Best Hypoallergenic Dog Treats: 10 Top Treats

Hypoallergenic and limited-ingredient dog treats are becoming easier to find these days, much to the delight of pet owners.

Once rare and expensive, these specialized treats are now an accessible option for pets with food allergies or intolerances.

Below, well share the best hypoallergenic dog treats, reasons some pups need these specially formulated food finds, and symptoms of canine allergies.

Best Overall Hypoallergenic Dog Treats

Best Budget-Friendly Hypoallergenic Dog Treat

Best Human-Grade Hypoallergenic Dog Treats

Best Hypoallergenic Dog Treats: Reviews and Ratings

These hypoallergenic dog treats contain ingredients that are less likely to trigger allergic reactions in your dog. Different ingredients will be suitable for certain dogs vs others, so make sure you understand your dogs allergies.

You may also consider trying multiple treats with different ingredients and recording your dogs reaction to help eliminate any ingredients causing a negative affect.

1. Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diets Gentle Snackers

Best Overall Hypoallergenic Dog Treats

About:Purina Veterinary Diets Dog Treats aredesigned specifically for dogs with meat allergies and are part of the HA diet treatment. Vets commonly prescribe them to dogs that need hypoallergenic treats due to multiple dietary restrictions or sensitive systems.

Features:

• Formulated for sensitive stomachs with a focused ingredient list
• Added taurine supports canine heart health
• Crunchy texture makes for a satisfying snack
• Made in the United States with global ingredients from trusted sources

Ingredients List

Starch, hydrolyzed soy protein isolate, vegetable oil, dicalcium phosphate, oat fiber...,

powdered cellulose, partially hydrogenated canola oil preserved with TBHQ, potassium chloride, guar gum, lecithin, corn oil, choline chloride, magnesium oxide, DL-Methionine, salt, taurine, Vitamin E supplement, zinc sulfate, niacin, ferrous sulfate, calcium carbonate, manganese sulfate, Vitamin A supplement, calcium pantothenate, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin supplement, Vitamin B-12 supplement, copper sulfate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, folic acid, Vitamin D-3 supplement, garlic oil, biotin, menadione sodium bisulfite complex (source of Vitamin K activity), calcium iodate, sodium selenite

Pros

• Ideal for dogs with sensitive stomachs or multiple food allergies
• Meat-free recipe makes avoiding your dogs protein allergies a breeze
• Size works great for dogs big and small
• Taurine gives your puppers heart a boost

Cons

• Crumble easily, which can make for difficult transport
• Like other veterinary formulas, pricing is steep for these treats

2. Natural Balance Rewards Jumpin Stix

Best Grain-Free Hypoallergenic Dog Treats

About: Natural Balance Jumpin Stix Dog Treats are limited-ingredient, grain-free snacks fortified with joint-supporting supplements like glucosamine and chondroitin for happier canine knees, elbows, and hips. Their focused ingredient lists are easy to scan for your dogs known issues, while the stick shape gives your pup a chance to chew on his goodie rather than gobble it right down.

Features:

• Each limited-ingredient recipe sticks to a single animal protein source: chicken, venison, or duck
• Artificial colors, flavors, and preservatives are left out of these tasty treats
• Meaty taste and texture extra appealing to pups
• Made in the USA with quality global ingredients

Ingredients List

Venison, Water, Dried Sweet Potatoes, Glycerin, Canola Oil...,

Gelatin, Sugar, Cane Molasses, Salt, Guar Gum, Sorbic Acid (preservative), Citric Acid (preservative), Glucosamine Hydrochloride, Mixed Tocopherols (preservative), Chondroitin Sulfate, Natural Smoke Flavor, Rosemary Extract.

Pros

• Grain-free recipe great for pups with vet-diagnosed grain allergies
• Glucosamine and chondroitin give your pups joints a boost
• Single animal protein sources and novel proteins like venison good for dogs with meat allergies
• Most dogs are fans of the taste

Cons

• A few pups with sensitive stomachs encountered tummy trouble with these treats
• May be too big for petite pups (though you can break them into smaller bits to get more bang for your buck!)

3. Fruitables Dog Treats

Best Meat-Free Hypoallergenic Dog Treats

About:Fruitables Crunchy Dog Treatsare baked, all-natural, hypoallergenic dog treats starring real fruit and other simple ingredients you can pronounce. Aside from the Bacon & Apple recipe, these crunchy treats are meat-free, making them a good choice for pups with protein restrictions.

Features:

• Available in a variety of meatless flavors, including Pumpkin & Apple, Pumpkin & Banana, Pumpkin & Blueberry, Sweet Potato & Pecan, and Pumpkin & Cranberry
• Contains no corn, wheat, soy, artificial colors, ingredients, or preservatives, which meshes well with sensitive systems
• With 9 calories or fewer per treat, these goodies wont pack on pupper pounds if fed in moderation
• Made in America with several organic ingredients

Ingredients List

Pumpkin, Organic Oatmeal, Pearled Barley, Oat Fiber, Apples...,

Canola Oil, Brown Sugar, Cinnamon, Natural Flavor, Vanilla, Mixed Tocopherols.

Pros

• Meat-free recipes are perfect for pups with known meat allergies or intolerance
• Crunchy, non-greasy texture makes for mess-free, easy handling and storage
• Low-calorie recipe helps maintain a healthy woofer weight
• Several owners found these treats to smell great compared to everyday canine offerings

Cons

• Super small size ideal for a training snack or petite pooch but can leave jumbo dogs feeling unsatisfied
• A few picky pups werent excited about the taste

4. Blue Buffalo Basics Skin & Stomach Care

Best Hypoallergenic Treats for Large Dogs

About: Blue Buffalo Basics Skin & Stomach Care Treats are baked, limited-ingredient snacks made without corn, wheat, soy, or chicken by-product meals, suiting sniffers with allergies and sensitive systems alike. You wont find artificial flavors, colors, or preservatives, either, with these natural noms aiming to treat your pooch without triggering issues.They come in decent-sized squares, too, offering a little more for bigger barkers to savor.

Features:

• Pick from tasty turkey or savory salmon flavors
• Great source of omega-3 fatty acids to combat inflammation and nourish your pups coat
• Brown rice, oatmeal, and other gentle ingredients are easy for dogs to digest
• American-made, these crunchy canine cookies feature global ingredients

Ingredients List

Turkey, Whole Ground Brown Rice, Oatmeal, Potato, Potato Protein...,

Flaxseed (source of Omega 3 and 6 Fatty Acids), Cane Molasses, Carrots, Canola Oil (preserved with Mixed Tocopherols), Calcium Ascorbate (source of Vitamin C), Vitamin E Supplement, Salt, Calcium Carbonate

Pros

• Size ideal for medium to large-sized doggos
• Most dogs seem to love the taste
• Arent super crumbly, making for less mess while munching
• Omega-3s give your canine cuties skin and coat a nudge of support with every snack break

Cons

• Some owners found these treats to be stinky
• More protein options would be ideal for dogs who dislike or cant tolerate turkey and salmon

5. Old Mother Hubbard by Wellness

Best Hypoallergenic Treats for Small Dogs

About:Old Mother Hubbard Dog Treats arebone-shaped dog biscuits with a cute design, small size, and crunchy texture your petite pupper will love! These arent as limited in ingredients as some other recipes, but there are still allergy-friendly recipes waiting, like the meatless Just Veggn.

Features:

• Available in tons of flavors, including LivRCrunch, P-Nuttier, and Just Veggn
• Easy-to-digest carbs like oatmeal give your pups tummy a break
• Real produce like apples offers natural fiber and vitamins
• Oven-baked to pawfection in the United States using international ingredients

Ingredients List

Whole Wheat Flour, Oatmeal, Wheat Bran, Chicken Liver, Cane Molasses...,

Chicken Fat (preserved with Mixed Tocopherols, a natural source of Vitamin E), Caramel Color, Eggs, Apples, Carrots, Garlic, Salt, Mixed Tocopherols (a natural preservative).

Pros

• Miniature size great for small breeds or offering a light snack for a larger dog
• Good mix of recipes, including vegetarian options, that may suit dogs with allergies
• Flavor is a tail wagger for most doggy diners

Cons

• Packaging doesnt offer much protection, leading to some treat crumbling or damage
• Contains some ingredients that may be problematic for sensitive systems, including chicken fat and eggs

6. Virbac C.E.T. VEGGIEDENT FR3SH

Best Hypoallergenic Dog Dental Treats

About: Virbac VeggieDent Chews pull double-duty as both a treat and a dental cleaning for your dog with their chewable, textured design. Meat-free and plant-based, these chews wont trigger any meat allergies, either.

Features:

• Offered in X-Small, Small, Medium, and Large sizes
• Soy protein isolate functions as the main protein source avoiding meat allergies entirely
• Designed to help your dog have fresher breath
• Made in America with global ingredients

Ingredients List

Corn Starch, Glycerin, Soy Protein Isolate, Rice Flour, Brewers Dried Yeast...,

Sorbitol, Ground Corn Cob, Erythritol, Potassium Sorbate, Water, Inulin, Pomegranate.

Pros

• Meatless recipe a good match for mutts with meat allergies
• Helps wear away at plaque buildup and combat bad breath
• Good mix of chew sizes to choose from

Cons

• Some dogs require corn-free treats
• A few pups experienced digestive upset after trying these chewable treats

7. Hills Grain-Free Soft-Based Naturals

Best Budget-Friendly Hypoallergenic Dog Treat

About: Avoid your pups triggers at snack time without breaking the bank with Hills Grain-Free Soft-Baked Naturals. Made without common problem ingredients like corn, soy, and wheat, these protein-forward goodies star real meat, offering plenty of palate-pleasing flavor.

Features:

• Softer texture easy for dogs old and young to enjoy
• Petite size ideal for use as a training treat
• Available in 3 recipes: Duck & Pumpkin, Beef & Sweet Potatoes, and Chicken & Carrots
• Made in America with international ingredients

Ingredients List

Duck, Potatoes, Peas, Glycerin, Pumpkin...,

Chicken Fat, Cane Molasses, Pea Starch, Technical Pork Gelatin, Natural Chicken Liver Flavor, Mixed Tocopherols for freshness, Natural Flavors.

Pros

• Pricing wont break the bank as much as many hypoallergenic dog treats
• Grain-free, limited ingredient list ideal for dogs with sensitivities
• Good source of digestion-friendly fiber

Cons

• Tiny size not the best fit for bigger barkers needing more of a nom
• Some pet parents prefer pea-free dog treats

8. Natural Balance Rewards Crunchy Biscuits

Best Chicken-Based Hypoallergenic Dog Treats

About: Natural Balance Rewards Crunchy Biscuits are limited-ingredient, bone-shaped dog snacks designed specifically for dogs with food allergies. Formulated with real chicken and zero grains, theyre a good choice for pups needing a single animal protein source and alternative carbs, like sweet potatoes.

Features:

• Artificial colors, flavors, and preservatives arent included
• Made without wheat, corn, or soy, making them a perfect choice for dogs with sensitivities
• Hickory flavor and scent entice persnickety pups into giving them a try
• Baked in the USA with global ingredients

Ingredients List

Dried Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes, Potato Protein, Chicken...,

Chicken Meal, Canola Oil, Cane Molasses, Natural Flavor, Calcium Carbonate, Salt, Natural Hickory Smoke Flavor, Natural Mixed Tocopherols, Citric Acid, Rosemary Extract.

Pros

• Only includes chicken as a protein source, suiting pups with allergies to other meats like beef or pork
• Limited-ingredient recipe matches well with mutts with food allergies or sensitivities
• Taste won tail wags from many pupperinos

Cons

• Crumble easily, so be gentle to keep them intact
• Pricing is on the higher side compared to similar treats

9. Zukes Mini Naturals Dog Treats

Best Hypoallergenic Training Treats

About: Many owners use Zukes Mini Naturals Dog Treats for training purposes, but few realize that these tasty treats are made without many common allergens, including corn, wheat, and soy. This makes them the perfect positive reinforcement for dogs with allergies to these ingredients.

Features:

• Offered in 7 savory recipes, including allergy-friendly Rabbit, Duck, and Salmon
• At a mere 2 calories a treat, these nibblers offer a delicious reward without risking weight gain when fed appropriately
• Real protein always comes first (except for in the meat-free Peanut Butter & Oats recipe)
• Made in the United States with ingredients from quality global sources

Ingredients List

Chicken, ground rice, ground barley, malted barley, vegetable glycerin...,

tapioca, cherries, natural flavor, gelatin, sunflower oil, salt, lecithin, phosphoric acid, turmeric, sorbic acid (preservative), ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), Vitamin E supplement, zinc proteinate, citric acid (preservative), mixed tocopherols (preservative), rosemary extract.

Pros

• Sizing is great for rewarding your pup during training (and perfect for fitting in a training treat pouch!)
• Awesome mix of recipes to choose from, including novel proteins like rabbit
• Soft texture easy for most doggos to eat

Cons

• A few pups arent big fans of the taste
• While packaged in a resealable bag, some owners encountered dry, crumbly treats instead of soft chews

You can always make your own training treats if you have trouble finding treats that dont contain your dogs triggers just customize the recipe to make them perfect for your pooch!

10. Jiminys Chewy Treats

Best Eco-Friendly Hypoallergenic Dog Treats

About: Reward your woofer for good behavior with less environmental impact with Jiminys Chewy Treats, as these tasty morsels star eco-friendly insect protein: crickets! Fashioned into small, bite-sized bits at just 3 calories each, these mutt snacks are a solid choice for small dogs and for use during training.

Features:

• Real produce like sweet potatoes and peas offer fiber for a touch of digestive support
• Doesnt contain corn, soy, or wheat
• Available in Peas & Sweet Potato and Pumpkin & Carrot recipes
• Made in the United States with global ingredients

Ingredients List

Sweet Potato, Yellow Pea, Oats, Cricket, Vegetable Glycerin...,

Molasses, Tapioca, Vegetable Gelatin, Canola Oil, Salt, Natural Flavor, Potassium Sorbate (a preservative), Distilled Vinegar, Natural Smoke Flavor, Garlic, Rosemary.

Pros

• Features insect protein a far more eco-friendly option than farm-raised beef, pork, and other livestock
• Novel proteins like insects a good pick for pups with meat allergies
• Small size and low-calorie recipe ideal for use as a training treat

Cons

• Crumble easily, so be use to handle and store the packaging with care
• On the pricier side

11. Portland Pet Food Company Grain-Free & Gluten-Free Dog Treats

Best Human-Grade Hypoallergenic Dog Treats

About: Portland Pet Food Company Grain-Free & Gluten-Free Dog Treats allow you to avoid your pups triggers while maintaining top-notch ingredient quality. Made with non-GMO, human-grade ingredients and zero artificial colors, flavors, or preservatives, these baked bites are good for sensitive systems.

Features:

• Offered in Pumpkin, Bacon, and Gingerbread recipes
• Twice baked for a crunchy texture doggos enjoy
• Short ingredient list allows your to spot your dogs allergens with ease
• Handmade in the United States with U.S.-sourced ingredients

Ingredients List

Garbanzo Bean Flour, 100% Natural Pumpkin, 100% Natural Peanut Butter, Molasses, and Cinnamon...,

Pros

• Human-grade, non-GMO ingredients offer top-tier quality
• A rare American-made treat featuring ingredients sourced from the U.S. only
• Limited ingredient list perfect for pups with known food allergies or restrictions

Cons

• Bacon recipe contains pork and eggs that may trigger meat allergies
• Crunchy texture can be a challenge for dogs with dental issues

Why Do Dogs Become Allergic to Certain Ingredients?

Like humans, dogs often eat the same foods and treats over and over again, becoming over-exposed to certain ingredients. Over-exposure to the same ingredient can cause the immune and digestive systems to react in negative ways.

Ingredients like beef, dairy, corn, and wheat (to name a few) are used in the majority of standard dog foods and treats, and many dogs can no longer process them. To make matters worse, once a dog develops one allergy, they may develop others as well.

Common symptoms and reactions that dogs suffer from when fed these ingredients involve:

• Digestive Issues
• Itchiness
• Skin Irritation
• Ear Infections

Veterinarians and dog food manufacturers recognize the seriousness of these allergens and recommend that dog owners keep common allergens away from their pets.

To isolate which foods your dog is reacting to, your vet will likely put your dog on an elimination diet, followed by a food challenge. This is done by solely feeding your dog one or two foods, such as ground turkey and sweet potatoes. Once youve established that your dog doesnt have a reaction to these two foods, you can start the food challenges.

Gradually, more items are added in, until you notice that your dog has an allergic reaction. This will clearly identify which allergens your dog is reacting to, and you can then create a diet avoiding any allergy triggers.

Once you are aware of what ingredients you need to avoid, you can begin experimenting with different hypoallergenic dog treats and holistic dog foods, all while monitoring your dogs reaction to make sure the food is working for them.

For dogs who have developed allergies, hypoallergenic dog food and hypoallergenic dog treats are a must!

Common Ingredients Found in Hypoallergenic Dog Treats

Many more foods are available, offering a wide variety of protein and grains that your dog may not react to. Common ingredients in hypoallergenic dog treats include:

• Duck, salmon, venison, or kangaroo. These are known as novel proteins, as they come from only one source, and the dog hasnt been exposed to them in foods or dog treats before. Instead of a dog treat made from a combination of chicken and beef, a hypoallergenic dog treat will contain just one novel protein. By feeding your dog a completely new source of protein like duck, venison, salmon, kangaroo, etc., you may avoid a negative response from his immune system.
• Sweet potato or pea. Novel proteins are usually paired with a single-source carbohydrate, the most common ones being sweet potatoes and peas. Like the novel protein, this carbohydrate source should be new to the dogs diet and shouldnt be combined with any other carbs or fillers.
• Rice, oats, and other starches used to be key ingredients in hypoallergenic dog food and treats, but they have since become so common that dogs are developing intolerances to them, too. You can still find these ingredients in some hypoallergenic dog foods, and they may be worth trying if your dog has not been exposed to them before.

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Do you have any favorite brands of hypoallergenic dog treats that we did not include? Share your favorites in the comments!